Civilization: The Expansion Project - View topic - New Artwork For The Civilization Advances

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New Artwork For The Civilization Advances
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2008-01-19 20:05:51	Flo de Haan wrote: Well, I don't know for you, but English is not my main language. I might have some errors in using it. I try my best but as long as I'm typing here, rather than speaking it, no-one corrects me and I keep making mistakes. It's not my native tongue either (though I'm probably better than the average second language English speaker) and I do mistakes too. I only made that remark because the two sentences have two drastically different meanings, and I really hoped you meant "if ...", not "when ...". (The difference being that "if ..." means that you'll do your best, but it might not work, while "when ..." means that you'll only make a token attempt, and then declare failure. The later form are usually used when you are forced to do something, by a teacher, boss, or similar, to state an intent to comply, while clearly indicate that you won't put any real effort in it, as you think it'll be a pointless effort. From the little I've learned of your personality I assumed you meant "if" and only made a translation error, and wrote a reply based on that. If I had thought you actually meant "when ..." I would have replied very differently, basically saying that I'm no boss, if you don't want to try, don't. I added the postscript just in case I misread the situation, so that I would have an opportunity to correct my response) Flo de Haan wrote: I've been searching a lot for images that could build my composition like you described. I've seen a lot or ruins of buildings that could be build up again, (even replicas of the knossos palace, not at the coast) but still I don't believe it'll be a good looking image that's also historically right. I do believe you on that one. Flo de Haan wrote: ofcourse there are no photos of the ancient world. there are a lot of the modern crete harbours and coasts, but they all look too modern. I'd hoped to find some paintings, but I can't find any of a Minoan harbor either. Flo de Haan wrote: I DID find a nice ship of the minoan empire, but that reminded me of the fact that I should redraw Cloth making too. (I forgot) And I think I'll use that ship for that card. Looks much better. However, if I look closely, I can't quite determine which of the three sails that are in front of the others. Looking at the wooden bars, it looks like leftmost sail is in front, while looking at the cloth itself it looks either like a single piece of cloth, or as if the rightmost sail is in front. Quite a disconcerting optical illusion. Also, I would put the oars in their resting position, to clearly demonstrate that the sail is taking care of the travel for them. Last edited by Jonno on 2008-01-20 7:12:29, edited 2 times in total.
Jonno Site Admin Joined: 2004-04-14 3:54:30 Posts: 556 Location: Linköping, Sweden

2008-01-19 20:43:00	ha, no this ship contains only ONE sail with seperate horizontal poles. (3 up, 3 down) I especially adjusted a photo where the oars were resting to an image where the oars were used to show that both were used like described in the flavor text. dead angle is a metaphore. All I meant was that whatever I do, You act like some sort of supervisor. Which is allright to me, I was just making a joke. "in the dead angle you look at everything I do" It's a lyrics from "den doda vinkeln" from my nr. 1 band Kent. They're swedish. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD?
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

2008-01-19 23:12:25	Flo de Haan wrote: ha, no this ship contains only ONE sail with seperate horizontal poles. (3 up, 3 down) OK, looks funny to me, but if you say so. Flo de Haan wrote: I especially adjusted a photo where the oars were resting to an image where the oars were used to show that both were used like described in the flavor text. I know ships was equipped with both oars and sails, but as far as I know the oars wasn't used when there was good wind, so you wouldn't see one with both sail and oars at the same time. Flo de Haan wrote: dead angle is a metaphore. All I meant was that whatever I do, You act like some sort of supervisor. Which is allright to me, I was just making a joke. OK, seams like your jokes are lost to me, probably some language/medium problem, I'm sure you're funny IRL. Anyway, I hope I'm not a too stringent "supervisor". I'm just trying to get the most out of a good contributor, especially since I've been looking for an graphical artist for some time. If I get too harsh, please tell me and I'll ease up. Flo de Haan wrote: "in the dead angle you look at everything I do" It's a lyrics from "den doda vinkeln" from my nr. 1 band Kent. They're swedish. OK, I've never heard that one (Kent is not exactly one of my favourites). Anyway, reading the sentence in context (the lyrics) It still can't make any sense of it, so I suppose I didn't have much chance to get it out of context...
Jonno Site Admin Joined: 2004-04-14 3:54:30 Posts: 556 Location: Linköping, Sweden

2008-01-23 16:04:53	Flo de Haan wrote: I especially adjusted a photo where the oars were resting to an image where the oars were used to show that both were used like described in the flavor text. I know ships was equipped with both oars and sails, but as far as I know the oars wasn't used when there was good wind, so you wouldn't see one with both sail and oars at the same time. 50 CLOTH MAKING Spinning has probably been around almost as long as people have. Weaving was probably invented much later (6000 BC). Sails have been made from cloth for all of recorded history. Typically sails were made from flax (linen), hemp or cotton in various forms including canvas. The development of cloth making made it possible to make sailed ships which enormously expanded the habitat of civilizations. In 4000 BC in Egypt, they made long narrow boats powered by many oarsmen. In the next 1000 years, various civilization started using cotton-made sails to help their boats go faster and with less work. Then they made ships large enough to cross the oceans. These ships had sails and oarsmen, and they used them for travel and trade. I've posted the flavor text again to keep it all together. I am not going to change this image anymore. I like this one, and besided that I believe the flavortext adds enough explanation to the fact that boats were always powered with oarsmen. No matter if there was any wind or not. The combination made a change in history. As long as I don't see a nescissary reason and image to change Trade Empire either, I'm also not going to change that one. As explaned in previous posts. This means for now, I've done with all the images for the advances. I'm going to work on the layout now before I'm starting with drawing for the calamities. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD?
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

2008-01-24 8:31:46	OK, that is fine with me. The current drawings it is.
Jonno Site Admin Joined: 2004-04-14 3:54:30 Posts: 556 Location: Linköping, Sweden	OK, that is fine with me. The current drawings it is.

2008-01-27 20:23:22	To conclude this part of renewal. I'll post all def. new artwork including the def. new flavor text. Quote: 260 - ADVANCED MILITARY The Roman army has always been known to be highly developed and structured. Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = "supports") formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC - 284 AD), alongside the citizen legions. Auxiliaries were non-citizens recruited mostly from the provinces. At the end of their service they were granted Roman citizenship. Quote: 120 AGRICULTURE Full dependency on domestic crops and animals did not occur until the Bronze Age, by which time wild resources contributed a nutritionally insignificant component to the usual diet. If the operative definition of agriculture includes large scale intensive cultivation of land, mono-cropping, organized irrigation, and use of a specialized labour force, the title "inventors of agriculture" would fall to the Sumerians, starting ca. 5500 BC. Quote: 270 ANATOMY The study of anatomy begins at least as early as 1600 BC, the date of a papyrus found in Egypt. This treatise shows that the heart, its vessels, liver, spleen, kidneys, uterus and bladder were recognized. The Papyrus lists 48 traumatic injury cases, each with a description of the examination, the diagnosis and treatment. Among the treatments are closing wounds, preventing and curing infection, and stopping bleeding. Quote: 140 ARCHITECTURE The earliest known written work on architecture is the Roman "De architectura" (23 BC). Divided into ten sections or "books", it covers almost every aspect of Roman architecture. The Colloseum (Amphitheatrum Flavium) is known to be one of the greatest works of Roman architecture and engineering. It was built by the Roman emperor Vespasian using treasury gained from the pillage of Jerusalem. Quote: 80 ASTRONOMY In early times, astronomy only comprised the observation and predictions of the motions of objects visible to the naked eye. Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is a position fixing technique that was devised to help sailors cross the featureless oceans without having to rely on dead reckoning to enable them to strike land. The Antikythera Mechanism is a Greek mechanism containing several metal wheels and known to be the first advanced device used for astronavigation (150-100 BC). Technological artifacts of similar complexity did not appear until a thousand years later. Quote: 180 CALENDAR A full calendar system has a different calendar date for every day. Thus the week cycle is by itself not a full calendar system; neither is a system to name the days within a year without a system for identifying the years. The ancient civil Egyptian calendar (4000 BC) had a year that was 365 days long and was divided into 12 months of 30 days each, plus 5 extra days at the end of the year. The months were divided into 3 "weeks" of ten days each. A highly developed calendar system like this made it possible to predict the seasons more accurate. Quote: 160 CARTOGRAPHY Cartography from the Greek "chartis" (map) and "graphein" (write) has been an integral part of the human story for millennia Mapping represented a significant step forward in the intellectual development of human beings and it serves as a record of the advancing knowledge of the human race. The oldest known world map is the Imago Mundi of 6th century BC Babylonia. The map shows Babylon on the Euphrates, surrounded by a circular landmass showing Assyria, Armenia and several cities, in turn surrounded by a "bitter river" (Oceanus). Anaximander (died ca. 546 BC) is credited with having created the first map of the world, which was circular in form and showed the known lands of the world grouped around the Aegean Sea at the center. This was all surrounded by the ocean. Quote: 50 CLOTH MAKING Spinning has probably been around almost as long as people have. Weaving was probably invented much later (6000 BC). Sails have been made from cloth for all of recorded history. Typically sails were made from flax (linen), hemp or cotton in various forms including canvas. The development of cloth making made it possible to make sailed ships which enormously expanded the habitat of civilizations. In 4000 BC in Egypt, they made long narrow boats powered by many oarsmen. In the next 1000 years, various civilization started using cotton-made sails to help their boats go faster and with less work. Then they made ships large enough to cross the oceans. These ships had sails and oarsmen, and they used them for travel and trade. Quote: 90 COINAGE Coins were invented in the Kingdom of Lydia, in what is now western Turkey in about 650-600 BC. The first bimetallic currency of pure gold and silver coins was introduced during the reign of King Croesus in Sardis (561-547 BC). By this time, coinage had spread to Greece proper and to the many Greek colonies spread from the Black Sea to Sicily and southern Italy (Magna Graecia). The coins were mostly small disk-shaped lumps of gold, silver, or bronze, stamped with a geometric design or symbol to indicate its city of origin. As coining techniques improved, the convention of putting a representation of the patron deity of the issuing city became established. Animal symbols such as the bees (sacred to Artemis) of Ephesus, turtles of Aegina, or the owl (sacred to Athena) of Athens were also widely used. Quote: 280 CULTURAL ASCENDANCY Cultural Ascendancy in general is the importance of a certain culture over another. During the time of Roman Republic (509 BC - 27BC), and even during the Roman Empire (27 BC - 1453 AD) the Greek culture was widely assumed to be superior. Even nowadays the ancient Greek architecture like used in the famous temple‘The Parthenon’ is still widely applied in several cultures and in many sciences the ancient Greek culture can still be found. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD? Last edited by Flo de Haan on 2008-01-27 21:13:02, edited 3 times in total.
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

2008-01-27 20:28:17	Quote: 80 DEISM Deism is an early form of religion that that states: "God exists, but does not interfere in the universe he created. There is no such thing as the 'supernatural'… just things humanity may not understand as of yet. God should be revered, and thanked, but never petitioned." Either the Druids or their fore-runners might have been responsible for building Stonehenge (3500 BC). They may well have performed rituals there, and understood its astronomical meanings and uses. Therefore the Stonehenge are known the be one of the oldest deist structures. Quote: 220 DEMOCRACY The word democracy derives from the ancient Greek "Demokratia" formed from the roots "Demos" (people) and "Kratos" (power). The Greek had a highly developed form of Democracy and invented the use of ballots (506 BC). A ballot is a device used to record choices made by voters. Preferential voting is a type of ballot structure in which voters rank a list or group of candidates in order of preference. Each year, the Greeks had a negative election where voters were asked to cast a vote for the politician they most wanted to exile. This system, called Ostracism prevented possible overthrows of a government and made sure that democracy will last. Quote: 270 DIASPORA Initially the term diaspora meant "the scattered" and was used by the Ancient Greeks to refer to citizens of a dominant city-state who emigrated to a conquered land with the purpose of colonization, to assimilate the territory into the empire. The current meaning started to develop from this original sense when the Old Testament was translated into Greek. The word "diaspora" there being used to refer to the population of Jews exiled from Judea in 586 BC by the Babylonians, and now is used to refer to any people or ethnic population who are forced or induced to leave their traditional homelands. Quote: 180 DIPLOMACY The ability to practice diplomacy is one of the defining elements of a state, and diplomacy has been practiced since the first city-states were formed millennia ago. For most of human history diplomats were sent only for specific negotiations, and would return immediately after their mission concluded. Diplomats were usually relatives of the ruling family or of very high rank in order to give them legitimacy when they sought to negotiate with the other state. Quote: 90 DRAMA AND POETRY The Greek Philosopher Aristotle (384 BC – 322 BC) taught that poetry could be divided into three genres: Tragedy, Comedy, and Epic verse. The Ancient Greeks turned ritual into ritual-drama and so the masks that were famously used in Ancient Greece were employed to honour, worship and depict their mythological gods. The masks were oversized and exaggerated. They were fitted about the mouth of the actor, and assisted the actors with projecting their voices over such a vast amount of space. The Greeks brought the making of theatrical masks to the height of their development, and in a way, laid the path for the making of masks within the theatrical world. Quote: 60 EMPIRICISM In philosophy generally, empiricism is a theory of knowledge emphasizing the role of experience, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, while discounting the notion of innate ideas. Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC) was one of Plato's students, but placed much more value on knowledge gained from the senses, and would correspondingly better earn the modern label of empiricist. Aristotle set the stage for what would eventually develop into the scientific method centuries later. Quote: 160 ENGINEERING Engineering is the discipline of acquiring and applying scientific and technical knowledge to the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. From around 3000 BC, the pace of development quickened. After simple tools came the development of wedges, wheels and levers, the use of animals to carry and draw loads and of fire to work metals, the digging of irrigation canals, and open-pit mining. The Greeks made significant contributions. The Romans did likewise, building fortifications, roads, aqueducts, water distribution systems and public buildings across the territories and cities they controlled. Some parts of the ancient city walls of Rome are still standing. Quote: 160 ENLIGHTENMENT Enlightenment is a fundamental philosophical concept which grew beyond religion and spirituality and essentially means being illuminated by acquiring new wisdom or understanding. 'The enlightened' are those who are not distracted by their thoughts but who stay focused. Resisting the natural tendency to be come 'lost' in thinking about experience rather than experiencing the present. This focus is called 'awareness of being'. This idea of Enlightenment is well described by the Greek philosopher Plato (424 – 348 BC) in his book "The Republic" Quote: 150 FUNDAMENTALISM The term "fundamentalism" is a modern word for an issue that goes back for ages. It represents cultures that were antagonistic and not tolerant of other religions. Some fundamentalist movements, claim to be founded upon the same religious principles as the larger group, but the fundamentalists more self-consciously attempt to build an entire approach to current world based on strict fidelity to those principles, to preserve a distinctness both of doctrine and of life. Quote: 170 LAW Roman Law begins with "The Law of the XII Tables", when it was proposed that the law should be written down in order to prevent it from being applied discriminatively (449 BC). It became the basis of legal practice in the Byzantine Empire and later in continental Europe. The image shows Lady Justice (Iustitia, the Roman Goddess of Justice). It is an allegorical personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD? Last edited by Flo de Haan on 2008-01-27 21:14:38, edited 1 time in total.
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2008-01-27 20:45:15	Quote: 220 LIBRARY Initially the Library was closely linked to a "museum," or research center, that seems to have focused primarily on editing texts. Libraries were important for textual research in the ancient world, since the same text often existed in several different versions of varying quality and veracity. The first ones appeared some time near the 5th century BC. The most important Library was the Egyptian "Library of Alexandria" (300BC). Quote: 110 LITERACY The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write, in modern contexts, the word refers to reading and writing at a level adequate for communication. The early writing systems were not a sudden invention, they were rather based on ancient traditions of symbol systems, but have many characteristics of writing, so that they may be described as proto-writing. (3000BC) Writing was very important in maintaining the Egyptian empire, and literacy was concentrated among an educated elite of scribes. The history of the alphabet begins in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium into the history of writing. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood. The Papyrus of Ani is a papyrus manuscript written in cursive hieroglyphs and illustrated with color miniatures created in the 19th dynasty of the New Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. (2000 BC) Quote: 60 MASONRY The craft of masonry has been there for millennia. Sun-baked brick is man's oldest manufactured product. Through civilization, architects and builders have chosen masonry for its beauty, versatility, and durability. Masonry is resistant to fire, earthquakes, and sound. Artistic and durable, masonry structures can withstand the normal wear and tear of centuries. A big step in enhancing brick production occurred about 4,000 B.C. At that time manufactures began producing brick in uniform shapes. Along with the shaping of brick, the move from sunbaking to firing was another important change. This improved the durability of the brick. Quote: 240 MATHEMATICS From the beginnings of recorded history, the major disciplines within mathematics arose out of the need to do calculations relating quantity, structure, space, and change. The evolution of mathematics might be seen as an ever-increasing series of abstractions. The Greek Philosopher Pythagoras (580 BC–500 BC) and his students believed that everything was related to mathematics and that numbers were the ultimate reality and, through mathematics, everything could be predicted and measured in rhythmic patterns or cycles. Pythagoras is best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name. Quote: 140 MEDICINE The earliest type of medicine in most cultures was the use of plants (Herbalism) and animal parts. In the written record, the study of herbs dates back to 3000 BC to the Sumerians, who described well-established medicinal uses for such plants as laurel, caraway, and thyme. The Egyptians of 1000 B.C. are known to have used garlic, opium, castor oil, coriander, mint, indigo, and other herbs for medicine. A mortar and pestle is a tool used to crush, grind, and mix substances. The substance is ground between the pestle and the mortar. The antiquity of these tools is well documented in some ancient literature. Quote: 90 METALWORKING The invention of bronze resulted in great improvement of ancient weaponry. Bronzing was invented independently in multiple places. The earliest known tin bronzes are from what is now Iran and Iraq and date to the late 4th millennium BC. The Late Bronze Age is characterized by competing powerful kingdoms and their vassal states (Assyria, Babylonia, Hittites, Mitanni). Extensive contacts were made with the Aegean civilization (Ahhiyawa, Alashiya) in which the copper trade played an important role. The transition into the Iron Age (ca.1200 BC) was more of a political change in the Near East rather than of new developments in metalworking. Quote: 170 MILITARY Military is organized warfare in any form and has been around for millennia. The military development of the Thracians (starting 700BC) was one of the military highlights in history. Skilled horsemen, masters of light infantry fighting in broken terrain, and renowned for their ferocity, the Thracians werefeared by even the greatest of their contemporaries, who were eager to employ them as mercenaries. After surviving invasions by the Persians, Greeks, Macedonians and Celts, the Thracians were finally conquered by Rome in AD 46. Quote: 230 MINING Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. Materials recovered by mining include amber, bauxite, coal, copper, gold, silver, gemstones, diamonds, iron, lead, marble, limestone, obsidian, nickel, phosphate, oil shale, rock salt, tin, uranium and molybdenum. Mines in current Hungary are believed to be sites where Neanderthals may have mined flint for weapons and tools (4100 BC). Quote: 60 MONARCHY A Monarchy, from the Greek "Monos" (one), and "Archon" (to rule), is a form of government in which a monarch, usually a single person, is the head of state. In most monarchies, the monarch holds control and their position for life. Monarchy is one of the oldest forms of government, with echoes in the leadership of tribal chiefs. Many monarchs once claimed to rule by divine right, or at least by divine grace. The Crown is the most common known symbol for Monarchy. The first crown appears to have been only a band, in which the horns were set. From the idea of power contained in the "horn," even subordinate rulers seem to have worn a circlet adorned with a single horn, in token of their derived authority. Quote: 230 MONOTHEISM The word monotheism is derived from the Greek, "Monos" (one) and "Theos" (god). The Jewish religion is one of the oldest religions that prescribes the belief in only one god (2000 BC). The menorah is one of the oldest symbols of the Jewish people. It is a seven branched candelabrum lit by olive oil in the Tabernacle and the Temple in Jerusalem. The Torah states that God revealed the design for the menorah to Moses. In a general sense the heathen are said to be "converted" when they abandon heathenism and embrace a religion. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD? Last edited by Flo de Haan on 2008-01-27 21:17:20, edited 4 times in total.
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2008-01-27 20:46:13	Quote: 180 MONUMENT A monument is a statue, building, or other edifice created to commemorate a person, event or as an artistic object. An obelisk is a tall, narrow, four-sided, tapering monument which ends in a piramidal top. The needle of stone had the function of perforating the clouds and dispersing negative forces that always threaten to accumulate. It was placed in the center of large open spaces in the temples. The earliest temple obelisk still in its original position is the 68 ft. high red granite obelisk of Senusret I of the XIIth Dynasty at Heliopolis in Egypt (1972-1928 B.C.). The Romans were infatuated with Obelisks, to the extent that there are now more than twice as many Obelisks standing in Rome as remain in Egypt locations. Quote: 80 MUSIC The history of music predates the written word and is tied to the development of each unique human culture. A range of paleolithic sites have yielded bones in which lateral holes have been pierced: these are usually considered to be flutes. The earliest written records of musical expression are to be found in 4000 year old cuneiform from Ur. Frame drums are one of the most ancient types of musical instruments. They have a simple structure with strong spiritual and entertaining effects. Quote: 50 MYSTICISM The Greeks gave us the very word for mysticism. The word means, “to shut the eyes or mouth.” The closed eyes and mouth in this context signify secrecy and silence, and the order not to reveal the secrets of the initiation and revelation that one had received. The roots of Greek mysticism go back to the 7th century BC. The religion, centered around the shamanic poet figure of Orpheus was highly influential in the development of later Greek mysticism in myth, theory, and practice. The Orphic egg symbolizes the belief in the Greek Orphic religion that the universe originated from within a silver egg. It also symbolizes spiritual rebirth. Quote: 60 MYTHOLOGY The word mythology literally means the retelling of myth: stories that a particular culture believes to be true and that use the supernatural to interpret natural events. The Greek mythology is the most important and tells about several gods. Opinions vary on which god was most important. Zeus is known to be 'The One', though the name of Poseidon is found more often. The image shows Poseidon: "The god of Sea and horses." Quote: 160 NAVAL WARFARE Naval Warfare had it's dominance in the Mediterranean from the 7th to the 4th century BC. The trireme was a development of the penteconter, an ancient warship with a single row of 25 oars on each side, and of the bireme a warship with two banks of oars. The trireme derives its name from its three rows of oars on each side, manned with one man per oar. Triremes played a vital role in the Persian Wars (499 - 448 BC). Until the time of the Persian invasions, the majority of the Greek navies consisted penteconters and ploia makrá ("long ships"). Quote: 240 PHILOSOPHY Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live (ethics); what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures (metaphysics); what counts as genuine knowledge (epistemology); and what are the correct principles of reasoning (logic). The word is of Greek origin: "philosophía": a compound of "phílos" (lover, or friend) and "sophía" (wisdom). The writings of the Greek philosopher Plato (424 – 348 BC) are often considered basic texts in philosophy as they defined the fundamental issues of philosophy for future generations. These issues and others were taken up by Aristotle, who studied at Plato's school, the Academy, and who often disagreed with what Plato had written. Quote: 220 POLITICS Politics consists of "social relations involving authority or power" and refers to the regulation of a political unit, and to the methods and tactics used to formulate and apply policy. Politics literally means "the things concerning the polis." A polis is a city-state and also citizenship and body of citizens. The poleis were not like other primordial ancient city-states which were ruled by a king or a small oligarchy, but rather a political entity ruled by its body of citizens. While the polis would control territory and colonies beyond the city itself, the polis would not simply consist of a geographical area. The body of citizens came to be the most important meaning of the term polis in ancient Greece. Quote: 60 POTTERY The use of pottery began as early as in 7000 B.C. Some examples of pottery include pottery vases, dishes and vessels used in cooking and for storing food. It is believed that the earliest pottery wares were hand-built and fired in bonfires. The invention of the potter's wheel in Mesopotamia sometime between 6000 and 4000 BC revolutionized pottery production. Specialized potters were then abled to meet the expanding needs of the world's first cities. Quote: 270 PROVINCIAL EMPIRE Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader and one of the most influential men in world history. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. Starting as a soldier he quickly became the governor of several Roman Provinces. His influence was this big that he was the first living person ever to appear on the coins of the Roman currency. Quote: 230 PUBLIC WORKS The aqueducts were important for supplying water to large cities. Financed by the state, these aquaducts made larger cities possible. Although famously associated with the Romans, aqueducts were devised much earlier in the Near East and Indian subcontinent, where peoples such as the Egyptians and Harappans built sophisticated irrigation systems. Roman-style aqueducts were used as early as the 7th century BC. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD? Last edited by Flo de Haan on 2008-01-27 21:18:44, edited 5 times in total.
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2008-01-27 20:46:27	Quote: 130 RHETORIC The definition of Rhetoric is generally understood to be the art or technique of persuasion through the use of oral, visual, or written language. Classical Greek philosophers believed the skilled use of rhetoric was essential to the discovery of truths, because it provided the means of ordering and clarifying arguments. Rhetoric is said to flourish in open and democratic societies with rights of free speech, free assembly, and political enfranchisement for some portion of the population. The earliest mention of oratorical skill occurs in Homer's Iliad, (8th or 7th century BC) where heroes like Achilles, Hektor, and Odysseus were honored for their ability to advise and exhort their peers and followers in wise and appropriate action. Quote: 220 ROADBUILDING The Romans were famous for their roads. These roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling them to move armies."The Appian Way" (Latin: Via Appia) (312 BC) was the most important ancient Roman road. It connected Rome to Brindisi, Apulia in southeast Italy. A result of the increased traveling was also the increased spreading of epidemics. Quote: 50 SCULPTURE Bas relief has existed in all civilizations. It is most commonly used for the architectural adornment of building surfaces, both inside and outside, where the stone is part of the building, rather than as a free-standing piece of art to be hung on a wall. This 40 ton statue was one of a two flanking the entrance to the throne room of the Akkadian King Sargon II (2334 – 2279 BC). A protective spirit known as a lamassu, is shown as a composite being with he head of a human, the body and ears of a bull, and the wings of a bird. Quote: 80 THEOCRACY Theocracy is a form of government in which a God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler. The word "theocracy" originates from the Greek "Theokratia", meaning "the rule of God". Ancient Egyptian Government was dominated by a single man, the Pharaoh. The people believed that the king was more than a man; that he was a god. This gave him absolute control over the affairs of the Empire and its people. The image shows the mask of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. (1333 BC – 1322 BC). Quote: 250 THEOLOGY Theology is a term first used by the Greek philosopher Plato (424 – 348 BC). The term is compounded from two Greek words "Theos" (god) and "Logos" (rational utterance). It has been defined as reasoned discourse about God or the gods, or more generally about religion or spirituality. Though the word "theology" has classical Greek origins, it was slowly given new senses when it was taken up in both Greek and Latin forms by Christian authors. The term "Theologia" is used in Classical Greek literature, with the meaning "discourse on the gods or cosmology", and it can now be used to speak of reasoned discourse within and about a variety of different religious traditions. Quote: 270 TRADE EMPIRE The Aegean Bronze Age civilizations established a far-ranging trade network. This network imported tin and charcoal to Cyprus, where copper was mined and alloyed with the tin to produce bronze. Bronze objects were then exported far and wide, and supported the trade. The Minoan civilization arose on Crete an flourished from approximately 2700 to 1450 BC. The Minoans were primarily a mercantile people engaged in overseas trade. Their culture, shows a high degree of organization, and is well known for their trade empire. Quote: 180 TRADE ROUTES Trade routes are logistical networks identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo. Allowing goods to reach distant markets, a single trade route contains long distance arteries which may further be connected to several smaller networks of commercial and non commercial transportation. One of the vital instruments which facilitated long distance trade was portage and the domestication of beasts of burden. Organized caravans, visible by the 2nd millennium BC could carry goods across a large distance as fodder was mostly available along the way. The domestication of camels allowed Arabian nomads to control the long distance trade in spices and silk from the Far East to the Arabian Peninsula. Quote: 160 UNIVERSAL DOCTRINE A Universal Doctrine is a code of beliefs or "a body of teachings", taught principles, or belief system. that are embraced by a large group of people, rather than the different beliefs of several small group. The dead sea scrolls (335 BC-107 BC) are known to be the only original manuscript of the hebrew bible. This bible is known to be the first written 'book' of western religion. A universal doctrine like this is a powerful tool to convert infadels that have little knowlegde of religion. Quote: 50 URBANISM The word Urbanism is led from the city of Ur. Ur was an ancient city in southern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), located near the mouth (at the time) of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers on the Persian Gulf and close to Eridu. Around 3000 BC the small farming villages of the Ubaid culture consolidated into larger settlements, arising from the need for large-scale, centralized irrigation works to survive the dry spell. Ur became one such center by around 2600 BC. Quote: 280 WONDER OF THE WORLD "The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" is a widely-known list of seven remarkable manmade constructions of classical antiquity. The Greek category was not "Wonders" but theamata, which translates closer to "must-sees". The historian Herodotus (484 BC–ca. 425 BC), and the scholar Callimachus of Cyrene (ca 305–240 BC) at the Museum of Alexandria, made early lists of "seven wonders" but their writings have not survived, except as references. The image shows the Great pyramid of Giza (2584-2465 BC) which is the oldest, biggest and only surviving "Wonder" of the ancient world. Quote: 60 WRITTEN RECORD When they appear in the archeological record (about 5300 BC), the Sumerians had developed a system of icons inscribed on clay tablets for keeping temple records. In this, these were similar to systems for record-keeping, based on symbolic tokens of many sorts, developed in many cultures over the millennia. The table whose picture is shown here shows a more sophisticated use of a numbering system (3500 BC). These marks in the beginning may only have served to remind the writer of what he had once already known. However, another person could also read the record in the same way. As civilizations become more complex, record-keeping of this kind becomes increasingly important in order to keep commercial transactions straight. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD?
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

2008-03-31 10:02:14	The Flavortexts under each image have been changed in a later stadium The latest version can be read here. [url] http://www.civproject.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=446[/url] I've printed myself 18 copies of each card last weekend. Just have to cut em out (will take a while, as I'm not in hurry and it's a hell of a job) They all look great to me, and I consider this job (the designing of the Civilization Advances) to be done. This in addition to Jonno's playtest during Easter. Apart from any future changing in rules or names. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD?
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

2008-08-04 14:07:06	In a discussion about the player tokens, I discovered I have made a great mistake about the back and front of a penteconter. I guess I have always interpreted it wrong without knowing I was wrong. I will have to change the art for 'Naval Warfare' in this. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD?
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

2008-11-02 16:02:15	So I've drawn a new image for Naval Warfare. I've found some time to draw a new sail. I just took the previous image and added my new sail drawing to it. I actually used a guiding photo for this image that didn't show a sail at all. I had to think of sail myself for the previous image. This time I did some more research on the sail. I admit I was wrong on the previous. I will be uploading new cards to be printed soon. All these will contain a copyright statement. They'll replace the previous that didn't have my name on it. I've also added something to the pictures for Urbanism and Engineering Urbanism wasn't a city enough to me. It should look more like a map. Engineering was missing a right-wall. _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD?
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

2008-11-13 21:23:55	I've posted all the new cards in this topic: http://www.civproject.net/forum/viewtop ... =3757#3757 _________________ WOH CANGHED TEH KYES ON YM KEBYORAD?
Flo de Haan VIP Joined: 2007-06-22 22:26:30 Posts: 1053 Location: Netherlands (Heerhugowaard)

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