mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. Mines in Hungary are believed to be sites where Neanderthals may have mined flint for weapons and tools. 4100 BC
An ancient mine or geological materials
road building
The Via Appia was the most important ancient Roman road. 312 BC
Via Appia
agriculture
Agriculture is the production of food, feed, fiber and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals. Developed independently by geographically distant populations, systematic agriculture first appeared around 9500 BC
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metalworking
Metalworking is the craft and practice of working with metals. Metalworking had its beginnings millennia BC
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pottery
The earliest pottery wares were hand-built and fired in bonfires. 25.000 BC
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cloth making
The development of cloth making made it possible to make sails on ships which enormously expanded the habitat of civilizations
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medicine
The rod of Asclepius is an ancient Greek symbol associated with astrology and with healing the sick through medicine.
Rod of asclepius
coinage
The origin of currency is the creation of a circulating medium of exchange based on a unit of account. These factors led to the shift of the store of value being the metal itself
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astronomy
Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is a position fixing technique that was devised to help sailors cross the featureless oceans without having to rely on dead reckoning to enable them to strike land.
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deism
The belief that God exists but is not involved in the world. Superstition in the religious sense means "fear of God"
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enlightenment
Enlightenment is the release from the incapacity to use one's own understanding without the guidance of another.
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monotheism
Aton was the disk of the sun in ancient Egyptian Mythology. The worship of Aten was the first attempt to Monotheism. (1353 BC). Later forms of Monotheism were advanced forms of religion which could easily convert people with a lesser form of religion.
Pharaoh Akhenaten and his family adoring the Aten
theology
Theology literally means "the study of God." People without much knowledge of religion could easily be converted to a(nother) religion, while Theology made this a lot harder to do.
A man studying the Thora
architecture
Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and structures. The earliest written work on the subject of architecture is the Roman "De architectura" in 23BC
Collosseum (unbroken)
drama & poetry
Poetry as an art form may predate literacy. The first Drama was developed by the Greek in theatres.
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music
The history of music predatesliteracy and is tied to the development of each unique human culture
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mysticism
the pursuit of achieving conscious awareness of ultimate reality, the divine, spiritual truth, or God through direct experience.
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written record
The oldest-known forms of writing were primarily logographic in nature, based on pictographic and ideographic elements.
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literacy
The ability to read and write. The history of literacy goes back several thousand years.
First poem in rock
philosophy
Philosophy is the discipline concerned with questions of how one should live, what sorts of things exist and what are their essential natures , what counts as genuine knowledge, and what are the correct principles of reasoning . The Greek phylosophers are still famous.
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mathematics
From the beginnings of recorded history, the major disciplines within mathematics arose out of the need to do calculations relating quantity, structure, space, and change.
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military
Organized warfare in any form. Military has been around for millennia
roman soldiers
law
Roman Law begins with the Law of the XII Tables, when it was proposed that the law should be written down in order to prevent it from being applied discriminatively , 500BC
Lady Justice (Iustitia, the Roman Goddess of Justice and sometimes, simply "Justice")
democracy
The concept of democracy first appeared in Ancient Greek political and philosophical thought. Comes from 'Demokratia' and means 'People Rule"
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